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ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
1 Consultant Anaesthetist, St John of God Hospital, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
2 Consultant Anaesthetist, Princess Royal University Hospital, Orpington, Kent, UK
3 Consultant Specialist, Australian Patient Safety Foundation; Visiting Research Fellow, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
4 Senior Staff Specialist, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Townsville Hospital, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
5 Senior Staff Specialist, Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Correspondence to:
Professor W B Runciman
President, Australian Patient Safety Foundation, GPO Box 400, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia; research{at}apsf.net.au
Background: Pneumothorax is a potentially dangerous condition which may arise unexpectedly during anaesthesia. The diagnosis is one of exclusion, as initial changes in vital signs (cardiorespiratory decompensation and difficulty with ventilation) are non-specific, and other causes of such changes are more common, whereas local signs may be difficult to elicit, especially without full access to the chest.
Objectives: To examine the role of a previously described core algorithm "COVER ABCD–A SWIFT CHECK", supplemented by a specific sub-algorithm for pneumothorax, in the management of pneumothorax occurring in association with anaesthesia.
Methods: Reports of pneumothorax were extracted and studied from the first 4000 incidents reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study (AIMS). The potential performance of the structured approach, using the combination of algorithims described above for each of the relevant incidents, was compared with the actual management as reported by the anaesthetists involved.
Results: Pneumothorax was noted as a possible diagnosis in 65 reports; 24 cases had a confirmed pneumothorax, of which 17 were in association with general anaesthesia. It was considered that, correctly applied, the application of the algorithms would have led to earlier recognition of the problem and/or better management in 12% of cases.
Conclusion: Any pneumothorax may become a dangerous tension pneumothorax with the application of positive pressure ventilation. Limited access to the chest during anaesthesia may compromise the diagnosis. Recognition of any preoperative predisposition to a pneumothorax (for example, iatrogenic or traumatic penetrating procedures around the base of the neck) and close communication with the surgeon are important. Aspiration diagnosis in suspected cases and correct insertion of a chest drain are essential for the safe conduct of anaesthesia and surgery.
Keywords: pneumothorax; anaesthesia complications; crisis management; central venous catheter complications; tracheostomy complications; syringe aspiration test; diagnostic algorithm
Related Article
Qual. Saf. Health Care 2005 14: 156-163.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  G. N. Finlayson, A. B. Chiang, J. B. Brodsky, and W. B. Cannon Intraoperative Contralateral Tension Pneumothorax During Pneumonectomy Anesth. Analg., January 1, 2008; 106(1): 58 - 60. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 W B Runciman, M T Kluger, R W Morris, A D Paix, L M Watterson, and R K Webb Crisis management during anaesthesia: the development of an anaesthetic crisis management manual Qual. Saf. Health Care, June 1, 2005; 14(3): e1 - e1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W M Griggs, R W Morris, W B Runciman, G A Osborne, and A D Paix Trauma: development of a sub-algorithm Qual. Saf. Health Care, June 1, 2005; 14(3): e21 - e21. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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